What change in total sleep time (TST) is most likely experienced by patients with cardiac arrhythmias?

Patients with cardiac arrhythmias often experience a decrease in total sleep time (TST). This can be attributed to several factors associated with these conditions, including increased anxiety, discomfort, and nocturnal symptoms that disrupt sleep continuity. Arrhythmias can lead to a feeling of palpitations or irregular heartbeats, which can increase arousal levels and make it difficult for individuals to initiate or maintain sleep.

Moreover, the underlying cardiovascular issues linked with arrhythmias can contribute to sleep fragmentation and reduced overall sleep efficiency. Stress from a heart condition may also lead to insomnia or other sleep disorders, further contributing to reduced TST.

Recognizing this relationship between cardiac health and sleep quality is crucial for managing patients with cardiac arrhythmias, as effective treatment of both sleep disturbances and heart rhythm issues can significantly improve patient quality of life and overall health outcomes.